Casa · B1 Intermediate · Lesson 20 of 20 · Step 2

Global Connections

International topics and mixed conditionals review

Form and use mixed conditionals (past condition → present result and present condition → past result)
Review all conditional forms studied in the course
Discuss global topics, cultural exchange, and international cooperation

Words · tap a card to see it used

Grammar

Mixed conditionals and conditional review

Mixed conditionals combine different time references. Type 1 (past → present): If + past perfect, would + infinitive — an unreal past condition with a present result. Example: If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now. Type 2 (present → past): If + past simple, would have + past participle — an unreal present condition with a past result. Example: If I were braver, I would have taken the job abroad. Review: Zero (if + present, present), First (if + present, will), Second (if + past, would), Third (if + past perfect, would have + pp).

If I had grown up in another country, I would speak a different language now. (past → present)

If she weren't so busy, she would have come to the conference last week. (present → past)

If we recycle more, we will reduce waste. (first conditional — review)

If I had more time, I would volunteer for an international charity. (second conditional — review)

Exercises · type, then check

1. Complete each sentence with the correct verb form to create a mixed or standard conditional.

1.If I had learned Chinese as a child, I (speak) it fluently now.

2.If she (not be) so shy, she would have made more friends at the conference.

3.If they had invested in renewable energy, the air (be) cleaner today.

4.If I (be) you, I would have accepted the offer.

5.If countries (cooperate) more, many global problems could be solved.

2. Match each conditional sentence with the correct type.

1.If it rains, we stay inside.

2.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

3.If I had more money, I would travel the world.

4.If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train.

5.If I had been born in Brazil, I would speak Portuguese now.

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Reading

A More Connected World

We live in a world that is more interconnected than at any point in history. If the internet had never been invented, we would not communicate the way we do today. People from different countries can now collaborate on projects, share ideas, and learn from each other in real time. However, globalisation has also created challenges. If governments cooperated more on environmental issues, the world would be in a better position. Some experts believe that if leaders had taken climate change seriously twenty years ago, we would not face such a crisis now. Despite these challenges, there is reason for hope. Young people around the world are demanding change, and if they continue to push for sustainability and equality, the future could look very different.

1. According to the passage, what would be different if the internet had never been invented?

2. What do some experts say about climate change?

Speaking · say it out loud, with a partner or alone

1If you had been born in a completely different country, how would your life be different today? Discuss with your partner using mixed conditionals.

2What do you think the world will look like in 50 years if countries work together on global problems? What if they don't? Discuss both scenarios.

Writing

Write 8–10 sentences about how the world is connected today and how it could be different. Use at least one example of each conditional type you have studied (zero, first, second, third, and mixed).

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Finished?

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