Casa · B1 Intermediate · Lesson 10 of 20 · Step 1

Environmental Issues

Relative Clauses (who, which, that, where, whose)

Use defining relative clauses to identify people, things, and places
Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, that, where, whose)
Write complex sentences about environmental topics using relative clauses

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Grammar

Defining relative clauses (who, which, that, where, whose)

Use 'who' or 'that' for people, 'which' or 'that' for things and animals, 'where' for places, and 'whose' for possession. Defining relative clauses give essential information about the noun — without them, the sentence would be unclear. Do not use commas with defining relative clauses. Example structure: 'The woman who lives next door is a scientist.'

People who recycle regularly help reduce landfill waste.

The factory which produces solar panels is in the north of the country.

That's the city where the climate conference was held last year.

Scientists whose research focuses on climate change have published new findings.

Exercises · type, then check

1. Complete each sentence with the correct relative pronoun: who, which, that, where, or whose.

1.The organisation planted a million trees last year is based in Kenya.

2.This is the river is most affected by industrial pollution.

3.The scientist research led to the discovery won a Nobel Prize.

4.That's the village the recycling programme was first introduced.

5.People care about the environment should try to reduce their carbon footprint.

2. Match the sentence halves to form correct relative clauses.

1.A drought is a period

2.Greta Thunberg is an activist

3.The Amazon is a region

4.A species whose habitat is destroyed

5.Renewable energy is energy

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Reading

The Ocean Cleanup Project

The Ocean Cleanup is an organisation that was founded by Boyan Slat, a Dutch inventor who was only eighteen years old at the time. The project, which started in 2013, aims to remove plastic waste from the world's oceans. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, where most of the plastic collects, is an area that is twice the size of Texas. The team uses large floating barriers which trap plastic on the ocean surface. Scientists whose expertise lies in marine biology have warned that ocean plastic kills more than a million seabirds every year. Countries where waste management systems are weak contribute the most to ocean pollution. The Ocean Cleanup is an example of innovation that could help solve one of the biggest environmental challenges of our time.

1. Who founded The Ocean Cleanup, and how old was he?

2. What do the floating barriers do?

Speaking · say it out loud, with a partner or alone

1Describe an environmental problem in your country using relative clauses. For example: 'There is a river near my town which is very polluted' or 'I know people who are trying to reduce their plastic use.'

2Discuss with your partner: 'What is one environmental project that you think is important?' Use relative clauses to explain what it is, who started it, and where it operates.

Writing

Write 6–8 sentences about an environmental issue that concerns you. Use at least four relative clauses with different relative pronouns (who, which, where, whose, that).

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